Module: Eth::Tx

Extended by:
Tx
Included in:
Tx
Defined in:
lib/eth/tx.rb,
lib/eth/tx/legacy.rb,
lib/eth/tx/eip1559.rb,
lib/eth/tx/eip2930.rb,
lib/eth/tx/eip7702.rb

Overview

Provides the Tx module supporting various transaction types.

Defined Under Namespace

Classes: DecoderError, Eip1559, Eip2930, Eip7702, Legacy, ParameterError, TransactionTypeError

Constant Summary collapse

DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT =

The minimum transaction gas limit required for a value transfer.

21_000.freeze
DEFAULT_PRIORITY_FEE =

The “default” transaction priority fee of 1.01 GWei. Do not use.

(1.01 * Unit::GWEI).freeze
DEFAULT_GAS_PRICE =

The “default” transaction gas price of 42.69 GWei. Do not use.

(42.69 * Unit::GWEI).freeze
COST_NON_ZERO_BYTE =

The calldata gas cost of a non-zero byte as per EIP-2028.

16.freeze
COST_ZERO_BYTE =

The calldata gas cost of a zero byte.

4.freeze
COST_INITCODE_WORD =

The initcode gas cost for each word (32 bytes).

2.freeze
COST_STORAGE_KEY =

The access list gas cost of a storage key as per EIP-2930.

1_900.freeze
COST_ADDRESS =

The access list gas cost of an address as per EIP-2930.

2_400.freeze
BLOCK_GAS_LIMIT =

The maximum transaction gas limit is bound by the block gas limit.

30_000_000.freeze
TYPE_LEGACY =

The legacy transaction type is 0.

0x00.freeze
TYPE_2930 =

The EIP-2930 transaction type is 1.

0x01.freeze
TYPE_1559 =

The EIP-1559 transaction type is 2.

0x02.freeze
TYPE_4844 =

The EIP-4844 transaction type is 3.

0x03.freeze
TYPE_7702 =

The EIP-7702 transaction type is 4.

0x04.freeze
ZERO_BYTE =

The zero byte is 0x00.

"\x00".freeze
CREATE_GAS =

Smart contract transaction gas cost

32_000.freeze

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Class Method Details

.decode(hex) ⇒ Eth::Tx

Decodes a transaction hex of any known type (2, 1, or legacy).

Parameters:

  • hex (String) —

    the raw transaction hex-string.

Returns:

  • (Eth::Tx) —

    transaction payload.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 135

def decode(hex)
  hex = Util.remove_hex_prefix hex
  type = hex[0, 2].to_i(16)

  case type
  when TYPE_1559

    # EIP-1559 transaction (type 2)
    return Tx::Eip1559.decode hex
  when TYPE_2930

    # EIP-2930 transaction (type 1)
    return Tx::Eip2930.decode hex
  when TYPE_4844

    # EIP-4844 transaction (type 3)
    raise NotimplementedError, "EIP-4844 blob transactions are not implemented"
  when TYPE_7702

    # EIP-7702 transaction (type 4)
    return Tx::Eip7702.decode hex
  else

    # Legacy transaction if first byte is RLP (>= 192)
    if type >= 0xc0
      return Tx::Legacy.decode hex
    else
      raise TransactionTypeError, "Cannot decode unknown transaction type #{type}!"
    end
  end
end

.estimate_intrinsic_gas(data = "", list = []) ⇒ Integer

Estimates intrinsic gas for provided call data (EIP-2028) and access lists (EIP-2930). Respects initcode word cost (EIP-3860).

Parameters:

  • data (String) (defaults to: "") —

    the call data.

  • list (Array) (defaults to: []) —

    the access list.

Returns:

  • (Integer) —

    the estimated intrinsic gas cost.



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 204

def estimate_intrinsic_gas(data = "", list = [])
  gas = DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT
  unless data.nil? or data.empty?
    data = Util.hex_to_bin data if Util.hex? data

    # count zero bytes
    zero = data.count ZERO_BYTE
    gas += zero * COST_ZERO_BYTE

    # count non-zero bytes
    none = data.size - zero
    gas += none * COST_NON_ZERO_BYTE

    # count "words" as per EIP-3860
    word_count = (data.length.to_f / 32.0).ceil
    gas += word_count * COST_INITCODE_WORD
  end
  unless list.nil? or list.empty?
    list.each do |entry|

      # count addresses
      gas += COST_ADDRESS

      entry.last.each do |key|

        # count storage keys
        gas += COST_STORAGE_KEY
      end
    end
  end
  return gas.to_i
end

.new(params, chain_id = Chain::ETHEREUM) ⇒ Object

Creates a new transaction of any type for given parameters and chain ID. Required parameters are (optional in brackets): - EIP-1559: chain_id, nonce, priority_fee, max_gas_fee, gas_limit(, from, to, value, data, access_list) - EIP-2930: chain_id, nonce, gas_price, gas_limit, access_list(, from, to, value, data) - EIP-7702: chain_id, nonce, priority_fee, max_gas_fee, gas_limit, authorizations(, from, to, value, data, access_list) - Legacy: nonce, gas_price, gas_limit(, from, to, value, data)

Parameters:

  • params (Hash) —

    all necessary transaction fields.

  • chain_id (Integer) (defaults to: Chain::ETHEREUM) —

    the EIP-155 Chain ID (legacy transactions only).



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 100

def new(params, chain_id = Chain::ETHEREUM)

  # if we deal with blobs, attempt EIP-4844 (not implemented)
  unless params[:max_fee_per_blob_gas].nil?
    raise NotimplementedError, "EIP-4844 blob transactions are not implemented"
  end

  # if we deal with authorizations, attempt EIP-7702
  unless params[:authorization_list].nil?
    params[:chain_id] = chain_id if params[:chain_id].nil?
    return Tx::Eip7702.new params
  end

  # if we deal with max gas fee parameter, attempt EIP-1559
  unless params[:max_gas_fee].nil?
    params[:chain_id] = chain_id if params[:chain_id].nil?
    return Tx::Eip1559.new params
  end

  # if we deal with access list parameter, attempt EIP-2930
  unless params[:access_list].nil?
    params[:chain_id] = chain_id if params[:chain_id].nil?
    return Tx::Eip2930.new params
  end

  # if nothing else, go with legacy transactions
  chain_id = params[:chain_id] if !params[:chain_id].nil? and params[:chain_id] != chain_id
  return Tx::Legacy.new params, chain_id
end

.sanitize_address(addr) ⇒ String

Populates the transaction destination address with a serializable empty value in case it is undefined; also ensures the address is checksummed but not prefixed for consistency.

Parameters:

  • addr (String) —

    the transaction destination address.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    the sanitized transaction destination address.



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 321

def sanitize_address(addr)
  addr = "" if addr.nil?
  if addr.is_a? String and !addr.empty?
    addr = Address.new(addr).to_s
    addr = Util.remove_hex_prefix addr
  end
  return addr
end

.sanitize_amount(val) ⇒ Integer

Populates the transaction value field with a serializable empty value in case it is undefined.

Parameters:

  • val (Integer) —

    the transaction value.

Returns:

  • (Integer) —

    the sanitized transaction value.



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 335

def sanitize_amount(val)
  val = 0 if val.nil?
  return val
end

.sanitize_chain(id) ⇒ Integer

Populates the transaction chain id field with a serializable default value (1) in case it is undefined.

Parameters:

  • id (Integer) —

    the transaction chain id.

Returns:

  • (Integer) —

    the sanitized transaction chain id.



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 310

def sanitize_chain(id)
  id = Chain::ETHEREUM if id.nil?
  return id
end

.sanitize_data(data) ⇒ String

Populates the transaction payload field with a serializable empty value in case it is undefined; also ensures the data is binary not hex.

Parameters:

  • data (String) —

    the transaction payload data.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    the sanitized transaction payload data.



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 345

def sanitize_data(data)
  data = "" if data.nil?

  # ensure payload to be binary if it's hex, otherwise we'll treat it raw
  data = Util.hex_to_bin data if Util.hex? data
  return data
end

.sanitize_list(list) ⇒ Array

Populates the transaction access list field with a serializable empty array in case it is undefined; also ensures the nested data is binary not hex.

Parameters:

  • list (Array) —

    the transaction access list.

Returns:

  • (Array) —

    the sanitized transaction access list.



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 359

def sanitize_list(list)
  list = [] if list.nil?
  list.each_with_index do |value, index|
    if value.is_a? Array

      # recursively check the entire array
      list[index] = sanitize_list value
    elsif Util.hex? value

      # only modify if we find a hex value
      list[index] = Util.hex_to_bin value
    end
  end
  return list
end

.signed?(tx) ⇒ Bool

Allows to check wether a transaction is signed already.

Returns:

  • (Bool) —

    true if transaction is already signed.



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 378

def signed?(tx)
  !tx.signature_r.nil? and tx.signature_r != 0 and
  !tx.signature_s.nil? and tx.signature_s != 0
end

.unsigned_copy(tx) ⇒ Eth::Tx

Creates an unsigned copy of any transaction object.

Parameters:

  • tx (Eth::Tx) —

    any transaction payload.

Returns:

  • (Eth::Tx) —

    an unsigned transaction payload of the same type.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 172

def unsigned_copy(tx)
  case tx.type
  when TYPE_1559

    # EIP-1559 transaction (type 2)
    return Tx::Eip1559.unsigned_copy tx
  when TYPE_2930

    # EIP-2930 transaction (type 1)
    return Tx::Eip2930.unsigned_copy tx
  when TYPE_4844

    # EIP-4844 transaction (type 3)
    raise NotimplementedError, "EIP-4844 blob transactions are not implemented"
  when TYPE_7702

    # EIP-7702 transaction (type 4)
    return Tx::Eip7702.unsigned_copy tx
  when TYPE_LEGACY

    # Legacy transaction ("type 0")
    return Tx::Legacy.unsigned_copy tx
  end
  raise TransactionTypeError, "Cannot copy unknown transaction type #{tx.type}!"
end

.validate_eip1559_params(fields) ⇒ Hash

Validates the common type-2 transaction fields such as priority fee and max gas fee.

Parameters:

  • fields (Hash) —

    the transaction fields.

Returns:

  • (Hash) —

    the validated transaction fields.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 271

def validate_eip1559_params(fields)
  if fields[:priority_fee].nil? or fields[:priority_fee] < 0
    raise ParameterError, "Invalid gas priority fee #{fields[:priority_fee]}!"
  end
  if fields[:max_gas_fee].nil? or fields[:max_gas_fee] < 0
    raise ParameterError, "Invalid max gas fee #{fields[:max_gas_fee]}!"
  end
  return fields
end

.validate_eip7702_params(fields) ⇒ Hash

Validates that the type-4 transaction field authorization list is present

Parameters:

  • fields (Hash) —

    the transaction fields.

Returns:

  • (Hash) —

    the validated transaction fields.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 286

def validate_eip7702_params(fields)
  unless fields[:authorization_list].nil? or fields[:authorization_list].is_a? Array
    raise ParameterError, "Invalid authorization list #{fields[:authorization_list]}!"
  end
  return fields
end

.validate_legacy_params(fields) ⇒ Hash

Validates the common legacy transaction fields such as gas price.

Parameters:

  • fields (Hash) —

    the transaction fields.

Returns:

  • (Hash) —

    the validated transaction fields.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 298

def validate_legacy_params(fields)
  if fields[:gas_price].nil? or fields[:gas_price] < 0
    raise ParameterError, "Invalid gas price #{fields[:gas_price]}!"
  end
  return fields
end

.validate_params(fields) ⇒ Hash

Validates the common transaction fields such as nonce, gas limit, amount, and access list.

Parameters:

  • fields (Hash) —

    the transaction fields.

Returns:

  • (Hash) —

    the validated transaction fields.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 246

def validate_params(fields)
  if fields[:nonce].nil? or fields[:nonce] < 0
    raise ParameterError, "Invalid signer nonce #{fields[:nonce]}!"
  end
  if fields[:gas_limit].nil? or
     fields[:gas_limit] < DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT or
     (fields[:gas_limit] > BLOCK_GAS_LIMIT and fields[:chain_id] == Chain::ETHEREUM)
    raise ParameterError, "Invalid gas limit #{fields[:gas_limit]}!"
  end
  unless fields[:value] >= 0
    raise ParameterError, "Invalid transaction value #{fields[:value]}!"
  end
  unless fields[:access_list].nil? or fields[:access_list].is_a? Array
    raise ParameterError, "Invalid access list #{fields[:access_list]}!"
  end
  return fields
end

Instance Method Details

#decode(hex) ⇒ Eth::Tx

Decodes a transaction hex of any known type (2, 1, or legacy).

Parameters:

  • hex (String) —

    the raw transaction hex-string.

Returns:

  • (Eth::Tx) —

    transaction payload.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 135

def decode(hex)
  hex = Util.remove_hex_prefix hex
  type = hex[0, 2].to_i(16)

  case type
  when TYPE_1559

    # EIP-1559 transaction (type 2)
    return Tx::Eip1559.decode hex
  when TYPE_2930

    # EIP-2930 transaction (type 1)
    return Tx::Eip2930.decode hex
  when TYPE_4844

    # EIP-4844 transaction (type 3)
    raise NotimplementedError, "EIP-4844 blob transactions are not implemented"
  when TYPE_7702

    # EIP-7702 transaction (type 4)
    return Tx::Eip7702.decode hex
  else

    # Legacy transaction if first byte is RLP (>= 192)
    if type >= 0xc0
      return Tx::Legacy.decode hex
    else
      raise TransactionTypeError, "Cannot decode unknown transaction type #{type}!"
    end
  end
end

#estimate_intrinsic_gas(data = "", list = []) ⇒ Integer

Estimates intrinsic gas for provided call data (EIP-2028) and access lists (EIP-2930). Respects initcode word cost (EIP-3860).

Parameters:

  • data (String) (defaults to: "") —

    the call data.

  • list (Array) (defaults to: []) —

    the access list.

Returns:

  • (Integer) —

    the estimated intrinsic gas cost.



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 204

def estimate_intrinsic_gas(data = "", list = [])
  gas = DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT
  unless data.nil? or data.empty?
    data = Util.hex_to_bin data if Util.hex? data

    # count zero bytes
    zero = data.count ZERO_BYTE
    gas += zero * COST_ZERO_BYTE

    # count non-zero bytes
    none = data.size - zero
    gas += none * COST_NON_ZERO_BYTE

    # count "words" as per EIP-3860
    word_count = (data.length.to_f / 32.0).ceil
    gas += word_count * COST_INITCODE_WORD
  end
  unless list.nil? or list.empty?
    list.each do |entry|

      # count addresses
      gas += COST_ADDRESS

      entry.last.each do |key|

        # count storage keys
        gas += COST_STORAGE_KEY
      end
    end
  end
  return gas.to_i
end

#new(params, chain_id = Chain::ETHEREUM) ⇒ Object

Creates a new transaction of any type for given parameters and chain ID. Required parameters are (optional in brackets): - EIP-1559: chain_id, nonce, priority_fee, max_gas_fee, gas_limit(, from, to, value, data, access_list) - EIP-2930: chain_id, nonce, gas_price, gas_limit, access_list(, from, to, value, data) - EIP-7702: chain_id, nonce, priority_fee, max_gas_fee, gas_limit, authorizations(, from, to, value, data, access_list) - Legacy: nonce, gas_price, gas_limit(, from, to, value, data)

Parameters:

  • params (Hash) —

    all necessary transaction fields.

  • chain_id (Integer) (defaults to: Chain::ETHEREUM) —

    the EIP-155 Chain ID (legacy transactions only).



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 100

def new(params, chain_id = Chain::ETHEREUM)

  # if we deal with blobs, attempt EIP-4844 (not implemented)
  unless params[:max_fee_per_blob_gas].nil?
    raise NotimplementedError, "EIP-4844 blob transactions are not implemented"
  end

  # if we deal with authorizations, attempt EIP-7702
  unless params[:authorization_list].nil?
    params[:chain_id] = chain_id if params[:chain_id].nil?
    return Tx::Eip7702.new params
  end

  # if we deal with max gas fee parameter, attempt EIP-1559
  unless params[:max_gas_fee].nil?
    params[:chain_id] = chain_id if params[:chain_id].nil?
    return Tx::Eip1559.new params
  end

  # if we deal with access list parameter, attempt EIP-2930
  unless params[:access_list].nil?
    params[:chain_id] = chain_id if params[:chain_id].nil?
    return Tx::Eip2930.new params
  end

  # if nothing else, go with legacy transactions
  chain_id = params[:chain_id] if !params[:chain_id].nil? and params[:chain_id] != chain_id
  return Tx::Legacy.new params, chain_id
end

#sanitize_address(addr) ⇒ String

Populates the transaction destination address with a serializable empty value in case it is undefined; also ensures the address is checksummed but not prefixed for consistency.

Parameters:

  • addr (String) —

    the transaction destination address.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    the sanitized transaction destination address.



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 321

def sanitize_address(addr)
  addr = "" if addr.nil?
  if addr.is_a? String and !addr.empty?
    addr = Address.new(addr).to_s
    addr = Util.remove_hex_prefix addr
  end
  return addr
end

#sanitize_amount(val) ⇒ Integer

Populates the transaction value field with a serializable empty value in case it is undefined.

Parameters:

  • val (Integer) —

    the transaction value.

Returns:

  • (Integer) —

    the sanitized transaction value.



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 335

def sanitize_amount(val)
  val = 0 if val.nil?
  return val
end

#sanitize_chain(id) ⇒ Integer

Populates the transaction chain id field with a serializable default value (1) in case it is undefined.

Parameters:

  • id (Integer) —

    the transaction chain id.

Returns:

  • (Integer) —

    the sanitized transaction chain id.



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 310

def sanitize_chain(id)
  id = Chain::ETHEREUM if id.nil?
  return id
end

#sanitize_data(data) ⇒ String

Populates the transaction payload field with a serializable empty value in case it is undefined; also ensures the data is binary not hex.

Parameters:

  • data (String) —

    the transaction payload data.

Returns:

  • (String) —

    the sanitized transaction payload data.



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 345

def sanitize_data(data)
  data = "" if data.nil?

  # ensure payload to be binary if it's hex, otherwise we'll treat it raw
  data = Util.hex_to_bin data if Util.hex? data
  return data
end

#sanitize_list(list) ⇒ Array

Populates the transaction access list field with a serializable empty array in case it is undefined; also ensures the nested data is binary not hex.

Parameters:

  • list (Array) —

    the transaction access list.

Returns:

  • (Array) —

    the sanitized transaction access list.



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 359

def sanitize_list(list)
  list = [] if list.nil?
  list.each_with_index do |value, index|
    if value.is_a? Array

      # recursively check the entire array
      list[index] = sanitize_list value
    elsif Util.hex? value

      # only modify if we find a hex value
      list[index] = Util.hex_to_bin value
    end
  end
  return list
end

#signed?(tx) ⇒ Bool

Allows to check wether a transaction is signed already.

Returns:

  • (Bool) —

    true if transaction is already signed.



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 378

def signed?(tx)
  !tx.signature_r.nil? and tx.signature_r != 0 and
  !tx.signature_s.nil? and tx.signature_s != 0
end

#unsigned_copy(tx) ⇒ Eth::Tx

Creates an unsigned copy of any transaction object.

Parameters:

  • tx (Eth::Tx) —

    any transaction payload.

Returns:

  • (Eth::Tx) —

    an unsigned transaction payload of the same type.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 172

def unsigned_copy(tx)
  case tx.type
  when TYPE_1559

    # EIP-1559 transaction (type 2)
    return Tx::Eip1559.unsigned_copy tx
  when TYPE_2930

    # EIP-2930 transaction (type 1)
    return Tx::Eip2930.unsigned_copy tx
  when TYPE_4844

    # EIP-4844 transaction (type 3)
    raise NotimplementedError, "EIP-4844 blob transactions are not implemented"
  when TYPE_7702

    # EIP-7702 transaction (type 4)
    return Tx::Eip7702.unsigned_copy tx
  when TYPE_LEGACY

    # Legacy transaction ("type 0")
    return Tx::Legacy.unsigned_copy tx
  end
  raise TransactionTypeError, "Cannot copy unknown transaction type #{tx.type}!"
end

#validate_eip1559_params(fields) ⇒ Hash

Validates the common type-2 transaction fields such as priority fee and max gas fee.

Parameters:

  • fields (Hash) —

    the transaction fields.

Returns:

  • (Hash) —

    the validated transaction fields.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 271

def validate_eip1559_params(fields)
  if fields[:priority_fee].nil? or fields[:priority_fee] < 0
    raise ParameterError, "Invalid gas priority fee #{fields[:priority_fee]}!"
  end
  if fields[:max_gas_fee].nil? or fields[:max_gas_fee] < 0
    raise ParameterError, "Invalid max gas fee #{fields[:max_gas_fee]}!"
  end
  return fields
end

#validate_eip7702_params(fields) ⇒ Hash

Validates that the type-4 transaction field authorization list is present

Parameters:

  • fields (Hash) —

    the transaction fields.

Returns:

  • (Hash) —

    the validated transaction fields.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 286

def validate_eip7702_params(fields)
  unless fields[:authorization_list].nil? or fields[:authorization_list].is_a? Array
    raise ParameterError, "Invalid authorization list #{fields[:authorization_list]}!"
  end
  return fields
end

#validate_legacy_params(fields) ⇒ Hash

Validates the common legacy transaction fields such as gas price.

Parameters:

  • fields (Hash) —

    the transaction fields.

Returns:

  • (Hash) —

    the validated transaction fields.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 298

def validate_legacy_params(fields)
  if fields[:gas_price].nil? or fields[:gas_price] < 0
    raise ParameterError, "Invalid gas price #{fields[:gas_price]}!"
  end
  return fields
end

#validate_params(fields) ⇒ Hash

Validates the common transaction fields such as nonce, gas limit, amount, and access list.

Parameters:

  • fields (Hash) —

    the transaction fields.

Returns:

  • (Hash) —

    the validated transaction fields.

Raises:



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# File 'lib/eth/tx.rb', line 246

def validate_params(fields)
  if fields[:nonce].nil? or fields[:nonce] < 0
    raise ParameterError, "Invalid signer nonce #{fields[:nonce]}!"
  end
  if fields[:gas_limit].nil? or
     fields[:gas_limit] < DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT or
     (fields[:gas_limit] > BLOCK_GAS_LIMIT and fields[:chain_id] == Chain::ETHEREUM)
    raise ParameterError, "Invalid gas limit #{fields[:gas_limit]}!"
  end
  unless fields[:value] >= 0
    raise ParameterError, "Invalid transaction value #{fields[:value]}!"
  end
  unless fields[:access_list].nil? or fields[:access_list].is_a? Array
    raise ParameterError, "Invalid access list #{fields[:access_list]}!"
  end
  return fields
end